Models › bitnet family

bitnet-b1.58-2B-4T

microsoft MIT out 18 months ago

850M parameters, text in, text out, 4K tokens of context.

Verified 2026-10-25 Rank #455 in LLMs · score 77.9 method v1 Sources 3 Downloads 30d 15.3k · #477 of 619 tracked

Changed this week: 2 new quantized builds on the Hub (12 in all).2026-10-24

Can I run it?0.5GB at INT4Estimatefits a 16 GB cardmethod
Can I use it?MITPermissivelicence file2026-10-24
Do people use it?15.3kdownloads, 30 days#477 of 619 we track · below the median+4 likes, downloads −14% this week1,509 likesHugging Face2026-10-24

Worth reading

Picked by rule from 14 tracked pieces: the lab's own post, the most shared, a field report, the latest.

Most discussed · 370 HN pts

BitNet: Inference framework for 1-bit LLMs

bitnet.cpp is the official inference framework for 1-bit LLMs that achieves speedups of 1.37x to 5.07x on ARM CPUs and 2.37x to 6.17x on x86 CPUs.

  • The framework supports lossless inference using 2 bits per weight for embedding models.
  • VibeASR.cpp achieves real-time multilingual ASR inference with an RTF less than 1 on x86 and ARM platforms.
github.com 2024-10-18 370 HN pts · 167 comments 1.9k words about the bitnet family family
Field report

I wrote a C inference engine that runs BitNet 2B at 15–18 tok/s on a Pi 5

geistlib is a dependency-free C23 inference engine that runs Microsoft BitNet 2B locally on a 4 GB Raspberry Pi 5.

  • The engine supports Qwen3.5, Qwen3.6, and Qwen3.8 dense hybrids including Ternary-Bonsai-2-27B alongside standard families.
  • macOS builds require gcc version 14 or Apple clang version 16, plus Homebrew libomp for multi-threading support.
github.com 2026-08-05 1 HN pts · 1 comments 986 words
Latest · 27 days ago

ESP32S3 cluster running 1.58-bit (BitNet) Language model

A distributed pipeline inference engine runs a sliced 0.5B LLM across a cluster of 7 ESP32s3 nodes using 1.58-bit (BitNet) ternary quantization.

  • The project uses Quantization-Aware Training fine-tuning to adapt the model for 1.58-bit ternary quantization.
  • Vocabulary pruning scales the token set down to 32K tokens to fit the embedded hardware constraints.
github.com 2026-09-28 150 HN pts · 31 comments 632 words about the bitnet family family

14 best of 14 tracked

The 3 picks above, plus these 11. Top is the radar's score: discussion, source authority and the lab's own posts, fading with age.

  1. PaperBitNet b1.58 2B4T Technical Reportarxiv.org · 2025-04-17 · 111 HN pts
  2. CodeFoundational ternary-model inference and training – CUDA, CPU, BitNet/TQgithub.com · 2026-08-02 · 1 HN pts
  3. ArticleExperiments with Bitnet 1.5 (Ngmi)huggingface.co · 2024-03-23 · 11 HN pts
  4. CodeMicrosoft BitNet – inference with 1.58 bitsgithub.com · 2026-03-11 · 2 HN pts
  5. PaperBitNet: Scaling 1-Bit Transformers for Large Language Modelsarxiv.org · 2023-10-18 · 6 HN pts
  6. PaperBitNet a4.8: 4-bit Activations for 1-bit LLMsarxiv.org · 2024-11-09 · 3 HN pts
  7. CodeTiny ASIC for BitNet (1.58B / ternary)github.com · 2024-06-27 · 3 HN pts
  8. CodeShow HN: 26x speedup on BitNet sparse ops with AVX-512 and 2-bit encodinggithub.com · 2026-01-13
  9. CodeRunning Microsoft's BitNet via Electron, React and Astrogithub.com · 2025-04-19
  10. CodeBitNet 1.58bit GPU Inference Kernelgithub.com · 2025-05-20
  11. ArticleAI Proposes BitNet Distillation (BitDistill): A Lightweight Pipelinethedailypac.blogspot.com · 2025-10-20

Where it's used

Hugging Face does not say who downloads a model or with what. These are the proxies: API providers listing it, quantized builds, fine-tunes/adapters/merges, and Spaces that load it.

No API provider serves it, so its downloads are people running it themselves: 12 quantized builds and 44 Spaces.

  • As a service0no API provider listed
  • On own hardware12quantized builds
  • Built on2920 fine-tunes · 8 adapters · 1 merges
  • In apps44Hugging Face Spaces

Top Spaces running it: suayptalha/Chat-with-Bitnet-b1.58-2B-4T ♥ 68 · Tonic/Native_1-bit_LLM ♥ 7 · kimhyunwoo/bitnet ♥ 5 · CPater/nwo-agent-graph ♥ 2

Will it fit?

Weights only, an estimate: leave room for the KV cache. Method

Fits a 16 GB card at INT4

About 0.5 GB at INT4, 1.0 GB at FP8, 2.0 GB at BF16: weights only, so leave room for the KV cache.

16 GB card64 GB Mac2×80 GB8×80 GBINT4: about 0.5 GB of weights (estimate; KV cache and activations extra)INT40.5 GBFP8: about 1.0 GB of weights (estimate; KV cache and activations extra)FP81.0 GBBF16: about 2.0 GB of weights (estimate; KV cache and activations extra)BF162.0 GB
16 GB card64 GB Mac2×80 GB8×80 GBINT4: about 0.5 GB of weights (estimate; KV cache and activations extra)INT40.5 GBFP8: about 1.0 GB of weights (estimate; KV cache and activations extra)FP81.0 GBBF16: about 2.0 GB of weights (estimate; KV cache and activations extra)BF162.0 GB

Estimate params × bytes per param × 1.2 · how we estimate

The story so far

Weights, every dated article, and repo commits on one rail.

Coverage peaked at launch and is still arriving

Teal is the weights (2025-04-15), amber triangles are 10 dated articles (each links to it), grey ticks are repo commits.

What people built on it

41 derivatives on the Hub. Which build to run, by runtime: the most downloaded in each class.

41 derivatives on the Hub, led by 20 fine-tunes

From the Hugging Face model tree; quantized builds in teal, fine-tunes, merges and adapters in greys.

12 quantized (Hugging Face model tree)20 fine-tunes (Hugging Face model tree)1 merge (Hugging Face model tree)8 adapters (Hugging Face model tree)12 quantized20 fine-tunes1 merge8 adapters
12 quantized (Hugging Face model tree)20 fine-tunes (Hugging Face model tree)1 merge (Hugging Face model tree)8 adapters (Hugging Face model tree)12 quantized20 fine-tunes1 merge8 adapters

All variants →

Reference

Everything else, folded: the full tables, every source.

Benchmarks

16 rows

Benchmarks 16 rows

measured third-party leaderboard rowauthor-reported number from the model card or eval files (16)No confidence intervals unless the source gave them; settings differ between rows, so compare within a benchmark, not across. Date = the benchmark's own date when it gives one, else when we read it.
BenchmarkValueSetting / notesReported byDate
author-reported ARC Challenge · Chat and follow instructions49.91—model author2026-10-07
author-reported Commonsense QA sets · Chat and follow instructions74.79—model author2026-10-07
author-reported Commonsense QA sets · Chat and follow instructions41.6—model author2026-10-07
author-reported Commonsense QA sets · Chat and follow instructions80.18—model author2026-10-07
author-reported Commonsense QA sets · Chat and follow instructions77.09—model author2026-10-07
author-reported Commonsense QA sets · Chat and follow instructions71.58—model author2026-10-07
author-reported Commonsense QA sets · Chat and follow instructions33.57—model author2026-10-07
author-reported Energy (Estimated)0.028J other—model author2026-10-07
author-reported HellaSwag · Chat and follow instructions68.44—model author2026-10-07
author-reported HumanEval · Write code with agents38.4—model author2026-10-07
author-reported Latency (CPU Decoding)29ms other—model author2026-10-07
author-reported MMLU · Reason through hard problems53.17—model author2026-10-07
author-reported Memory (Non-emb)0.4GB other—model author2026-10-07
author-reported Training Tokens (Pre-train)4T other—model author2026-10-07
author-reported TruthfulQA · Chat and follow instructions45.31—model author2026-10-07
author-reported Winogrande · Chat and follow instructions71.9—model author2026-10-07

What the card says

2 cited sentences

Summary generated, cited

BitNet b1.58 2B4T is a native 1-bit large language model developed by Microsoft Research for text generation.[1][2] The model contains 850M parameters and was trained on a corpus of 4 trillion tokens.[3][4]

  1. “BitNet b1.58 2B4T, the first open-source, native 1-bit La…”
  2. pipeline tag
  3. parameters human
  4. “Trained on a corpus of 4 trillion tokens”

Generated 2026-10-07 15:10 UTC by parasail-gemma-4-26b-a4b-it; each numeral points at the fact it rests on. Not a verdict.

Use-case evidence

4 use cases

What it is good at 4 use cases

Labels are evidence, not verdicts: measured a third-party leaderboard row for this model; author-reported a number the model author published in the card or eval files; structural a deterministic signal from the name, config or chat template, or a decision-model estimate. Each chip links to its source. All use cases.

Facts

22 fields

Listed in LLMs

Facts

Pipeline tagtext-generation
Librarytransformers
ArchitecturesBitNetForCausalLM
Model typebitnet
Dtypebfloat16
Params by dtypeBF16: 328,775,680 · U8: 521,011,200
Size bandS
MoEno
Context length4,096 (config.json max_position_embeddings)
Languagesen
PapersarXiv:2504.12285
LicenseMIT (mit)
Hub snapshot2026-10-25

Servability

vLLM · SGLang

Servability

vLLM: not in registry · 7050ef881ff0835f6890a47db1859a24c65481d6SGLang: not in registry · 773cb938fe9484a8f7e7e46fb1b1fe96412c59ed

vLLM registry (7050ef881ff0835f6890a47db1859a24c65481d6) · SGLang registry (773cb938fe9484a8f7e7e46fb1b1fe96412c59ed) · Matched by architecture class name against each project's registry on main; 'supported' means the architecture is registered, not that this checkpoint was tested.

Hardware fit

3 estimates

Hardware fit ESTIMATE

Weights-only memory for bitnet-b1.58-2B-4T: params × bytes/param × 1.2 overhead. KV cache and activations are extra. How this is computed.

BF16 (2 bytes/param)2.0 GB · Edge (<4 GB)
FP8 (1 byte/param)1.0 GB · Edge (<4 GB)
INT4 (0.5 bytes/param)0.5 GB · Edge (<4 GB)

Weights only (params × bytes/param × 1.2 overhead); KV cache and activations extra.

All variants

40 variants

Lineage

Original release (shipped quantized by the lab) Family: microsoft/bitnet 41 derivatives on the Hub

quantized: 12adapter: 8merge: 1finetune: 20

Top variants (40 shown, ranked by downloads)

Relation
Quant
Size
40 rows
Variant Relation Quant Params Band License Author Likes Downloads
tdh111/bitnet-b1.58-2B-4T-GGUF quantized GGUF — — mit tdh111 10 9.9k
UlukaDev/bitnet-ternary-moe-gguf adapter gguf — — mit UlukaDev 8 5k
MicheRomChis/orchid-1.0 adapter GGUF — — apache-2.0 MicheRomChis 1 4.6k
HOLOGRAMTECH/q-bitnet-2b quantized — — — mit HOLOGRAMTECH 1 3.9k
mlx-community/bitnet-b1.58-2B-4T quantized — 850M S mit mlx-community 6 3.5k
mlx-community/bitnet-b1.58-2B-4T-4bit quantized -4bit 1.09B S mit mlx-community 0 3k
mlx-community/bitnet-b1.58-2B-4T-8bit quantized -8bit 614M S mit mlx-community 0 2.2k
CrashOverrideX/Quillan-Ronin merge — — — mit CrashOverrideX 0 2k
hongyuw/bitvla-bitsiglipL-224px-bf16 finetune -bf16 — — mit hongyuw 7 909
mlx-community/bitnet-b1.58-2B-4T-6bit quantized — 593M S mit mlx-community 0 715
smhsmh/bitnet-persian-r10 quantized GGUF 2.41B M mit smhsmh 1 633
hongyuw/bitvla-siglipL-224px-bf16 finetune -bf16 — — mit hongyuw 6 354
qoranet/QORA-LLM-2B quantized — — — apache-2.0 qoranet 1 207
xxxn3m3s1sxxx/BitNet-2B4T-b1.58-ATLAS finetune — — — mit xxxn3m3s1sxxx 1 192
Dr-joss/bitnet-b1.58-2B-metal-weight finetune — — — mit Dr-joss 4 0
smhsmh/bitnet-persian-r13 quantized — 2.41B M mit smhsmh 1 133
Salvor-Hardin/lumen-bitnet-b1.58-2b4t-qvac quantized GGUF — — mit Salvor-Hardin 0 114
smhsmh/bitnet-persian-r14 quantized — 2.41B M mit smhsmh 1 61
smhsmh/bitnet-persian-r12 quantized — 2.41B M mit smhsmh 1 54
Boomtoknlab/BoomchainLabs finetune — — — mit Boomtoknlab 2 0
crystalai/mage.ai.data.pipeline.verified.production adapter — — — c-uda crystalai 1 0
pioneerr/strict-math finetune — — — mit pioneerr 1 0
VergilDante/my_model finetune — — — apache-2.0 VergilDante 0 0
bkbj/modeltestA finetune — — — apache-2.0 bkbj 0 0
Tingchenliang/test-0506 finetune — — — apache-2.0 Tingchenliang 0 0
bowefonivdaa/e finetune — — — other bowefonivdaa 0 0
Marcosgames/Jogo adapter — — — apache-2.0 Marcosgames 0 0
Lucasohcin/Jaxson1.2 finetune — — — other Lucasohcin 0 0
Matigr1/CHATBOT finetune — — — apache-2.0 Matigr1 0 0
ianrainers07/devil finetune — — — apache-2.0 ianrainers07 0 0
Seishirozinx/Kingbot adapter — — — — Seishirozinx 0 0
Oma882713/Oma882713 adapter — — — apache-2.0 Oma882713 0 0
Anthem7b4k/Phil adapter — — — apache-2.0 Anthem7b4k 0 0
clackent007/face finetune — — — apache-2.0 clackent007 0 0
Kevenoficial14/PsicoTeacher adapter — — — apache-2.0 Kevenoficial14 0 0
latent-lab/larger-than-truth-bitnet-2b finetune — — — mit latent-lab 0 0
latent-lab/smaller-than-truth-bitnet-2b finetune — — — mit latent-lab 0 0
latent-lab/cities-truth-bitnet-2b finetune — — — mit latent-lab 0 0
latent-lab/neg-cities-truth-bitnet-2b finetune — — — mit latent-lab 0 0
merlijn70w/bitnet-kv260-weights finetune — — — mit merlijn70w 0 0

Repository changelog

19 commits
changed in the last 7 daysOther: 2026-10-24all changes

Repository changelog 19 commits

DateCommitSHA
2025-12-17 Update README.md (#42) 04c3b9a
2025-12-17 Upload data_summary_card.md (#41) d21a690
2025-05-01 Update README.md (#32) 5494d28
2025-04-28 Update README.md 3f27a63
2025-04-23 Update README.md 18ddd72
2025-04-20 update config 482c7a7
2025-04-17 update config 02e9916
2025-04-17 update readme b25804d
2025-04-16 update readme 6280e9d
2025-04-15 update readme dc4f215
2025-04-15 update readme f709283
2025-04-15 update readme 480c6f0
2025-04-15 Update Model 24edd43
2025-04-14 update config ce0f55e
2025-04-14 update config dee320d
2025-04-14 update config d40cf42
2025-04-14 update config 56c8838
2025-04-14 Add BitNet b1.58 model 9ff478e
2025-04-14 initial commit 19c254e

Articles and coverage

14 pieces

Ranked by source signals (HN, Lobsters, authority domains, official posts) and recency. Summaries are generated from a stored copy of the article text; every sentence cites a span of that text, and nothing is shown that failed the citation check.

Analysis10

github.com2026-09-28authorityHN front pageabout the bitnet familyHN 150 pts · 31 comments632 words
A distributed pipeline inference engine runs a sliced 0.5B LLM across a cluster of 7 ESP32s3 nodes using 1.58-bit (BitNet) ternary quantization. The master node manages INT4 embeddings (~14MB in Flash) and tokenization while compute nodes execute attention and MLP layers via high-speed SPI daisy-chain communication. This project is licensed under the MIT License.written, reviewed, cited
  • The project uses Quantization-Aware Training fine-tuning to adapt the model for 1.58-bit ternary quantization.
  • Vocabulary pruning scales the token set down to 32K tokens to fit the embedded hardware constraints.
  • Node firmware relies on assembly-optimized MAC operations for efficient 1.58-bit linear layer execution.
github.com2026-08-05authorityHN 1 pts · 1 comments986 words
geistlib is a dependency-free C23 inference engine that runs Microsoft BitNet 2B locally on a 4 GB Raspberry Pi 5. The 1.1 GiB ternary model achieves 15–18 decode tokens/s using ARM SDOT on the Pi and AVX-512 VNNI on x86 without a GPU. It ships under the Apache License 2.0 with prebuilt binaries for Linux arm64 and x86_64.written, reviewed, cited
  • The engine supports Qwen3.5, Qwen3.6, and Qwen3.8 dense hybrids including Ternary-Bonsai-2-27B alongside standard families.
  • macOS builds require gcc version 14 or Apple clang version 16, plus Homebrew libomp for multi-threading support.
  • The GPU Metal backend achieves 1.41 times faster decoding than llama.cpp on an M1 Max when running Qwen3.8-27B.
github.com2024-10-18authorityHN front pageabout the bitnet familyHN 370 pts · 167 comments1,883 words
bitnet.cpp is the official inference framework for 1-bit LLMs that achieves speedups of 1.37x to 5.07x on ARM CPUs and 2.37x to 6.17x on x86 CPUs. The framework reduces energy consumption by 55.4% to 70.0% on ARM and 71.9% to 82.2% on x86, enabling a 100B BitNet b1.58 model to run on a single CPU at 5-7 tokens per second.written, reviewed, cited
  • The framework supports lossless inference using 2 bits per weight for embedding models.
  • VibeASR.cpp achieves real-time multilingual ASR inference with an RTF less than 1 on x86 and ARM platforms.
  • The official 2B parameter model was trained on 4 trillion tokens.
arxiv.org2025-04-17authorityHN front pageHN 111 pts · 30 comments322 words
BitNet b1.58 2B4T is the first open-source, native 1-bit Large Language Model at the 2-billion parameter scale. Trained on a corpus of 4 trillion tokens, the model achieves performance on par with leading open-weight, full-precision LLMs of similar size while offering significant advantages in computational efficiency. The model weights are released via Hugging Face along with open-source inference implementations for both GPU and CPU architectures.written, reviewed, cited
github.com2026-08-02authorityabout the bitnet familyHN 1 pts · 0 comments888 words
Tritium is an Apache-2.0 library for converting dense neural networks into compact additive-ternary models using {-1, 0, +1} weights. The repository currently uses the 1.1.0-rc.2 candidate version, with flagship targets like Qwen/Qwen3.6-27B pending quality gates. Build defaults to CPU-only via cargo build --locked, while CUDA adapters require feature flags.written, reviewed, cited
  • Trainable whole-model ONNX generation is intentionally deferred until version 1.3.
  • Browser support for Tritium awaits physical receipts from Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.
  • The v1.0 codebase contains recorded evidence for BitNet b1.58 2B4T on CPU and CUDA.
huggingface.co2024-03-23authorityabout the bitnet familyHN 11 pts · 1 comments536 words
github.com2026-03-11authorityabout the bitnet familyHN 2 pts · 1 comments830 words
arxiv.org2023-10-18authorityabout the bitnet familyHN 6 pts · 0 comments304 words
arxiv.org2024-11-09authorityabout the bitnet familyHN 3 pts · 0 comments315 words
github.com2024-06-27authorityabout the bitnet familyHN 3 pts · 0 comments473 words
All coverage tracked for this model (14) — append-only, nothing is ever removed
TitleSourcePublishedFirst seenSignals
ESP32S3 cluster running 1.58-bit (BitNet) Language modelgithub.com2026-09-282026-10-07hn
I wrote a C inference engine that runs BitNet 2B at 15–18 tok/s on a Pi 5github.com2026-08-052026-10-07hn
Foundational ternary-model inference and training – CUDA, CPU, BitNet/TQgithub.com2026-08-022026-10-07hn
Microsoft BitNet – inference with 1.58 bitsgithub.com2026-03-112026-10-07hn
Show HN: 26x speedup on BitNet sparse ops with AVX-512 and 2-bit encodinggithub.com2026-01-132026-10-07hn
AI Proposes BitNet Distillation (BitDistill): A Lightweight Pipelinethedailypac.blogspot.com2025-10-202026-10-07hn
BitNet 1.58bit GPU Inference Kernelgithub.com2025-05-202026-10-07hn
Running Microsoft's BitNet via Electron, React and Astrogithub.com2025-04-192026-10-07hn
BitNet b1.58 2B4T Technical Reportarxiv.org2025-04-172026-10-07hn
BitNet a4.8: 4-bit Activations for 1-bit LLMsarxiv.org2024-11-092026-10-07hn
BitNet: Inference framework for 1-bit LLMsgithub.com2024-10-182026-10-07hn
Tiny ASIC for BitNet (1.58B / ternary)github.com2024-06-272026-10-07hn
Experiments with Bitnet 1.5 (Ngmi)huggingface.co2024-03-232026-10-07hn
BitNet: Scaling 1-Bit Transformers for Large Language Modelsarxiv.org2023-10-182026-10-07hn

Papers

1 paper

Papers 1

arXiv links found in the model card and its tags. "Peer-reviewed" is shown only with evidence: a published venue in OpenAlex (measured) or the authors' own journal reference on arXiv (reported).

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Sources

3 sources

Sources

Hub snapshot: 2026-10-25 · HF API: 2026-10-24 21:39 UTC · Providers: 2026-10-24 21:44 UTC · Articles: 2026-10-24 21:46 UTC · Summary: 2026-10-07 15:10 UTC · Last verified 2026-10-25

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